388.109773  . - 

U67p 

PULL  ILLINOIS 

OUT  OF  THE  MUD 

~  AN  APPEAL  . . . 

By  100  Organiza¬ 
tions  to  the  48th 
General  Assembly 
i  o  l*  a  M  o  d  e  r  n 
( i  o o d  R o a d s  La w 


“Our  highways  themselves 
are  the  unanswerable 
argument  that  Illinois 
must  abandon  a  road  sys- 
tem  that  is  complex, 
wasteful  and  inefficient." 


ISSUED  BY  THE 


ILLINOIS  HIGHWAY  IMPROVEMENT 

ASSOCIATION 

May  1,  1913  Office:  Lexington  Hotel 
CHICAGO,  ILL. 


FOREWORD 


To  the  Forty-Eighth  General  Assembly 

of  Illinois 


THE  ILLINOIS  HIGHWAY  IMPROVEMENT 
ASSOCIATION  and  one  hundred  other  organi¬ 
zations  representing  the  diversified  interests  of  the 
citizens  of  Illinois  present  for  your  consideration  a  platform 
containing  an  outline  for  a  modern  good  roads  law.  The 
principles  of  this  platform  represent  the  public  sentiment 
of  the  state  on  this  important  question.  The  basic  principle 
is  that  of  state  aid  to  the  counties  in  the  construction  of 
the  main  highways,  some  15  to  20  per  cent  of  the  94,000 
miles  of  public  roads  in  the  state,  which  carry  from  80  to  90 
per  cent  of  all  the  traffic. 

The  platform  was  formulated  at  a  state  convention 
which  was  held  at  Peoria  on  September  27th,  1912,  and 
which  was  called  in  the  following  manner:  Each  member 
of  the  Forty-seventh  General  Assembly  was  asked  to 
nominate  two  delegates  from  his  district;  the  various 
agricultural,  commercial,  labor,  banking,  real  estate, 
automobile,  good  roads,  medical,  rural  letter  carriers  and 
other  organizations  interested  in  the  subject  were  invited 
to  appoint  delegates,  as  were  organizations  representing 
highway  commissioners,  women’s  clubs,  teachers,  etc. 
Three  hundred  delegates  attended. 

Since  the  convention  was  held  the  platform  has  been 
indorsed  by  organizations  from  which  the  delegates  were 
named,  and  by  other  bodies.  The  convention  was  called 
for  the  purpose  of  harmonizing  all  movements  for  the 
improvement  of  the  roads  of  the  state  to  the  end  that  a 
modern  law  for  their  construction,  maintenance  and 
administration  should  be  adopted. 

WILLIAM  G.  EDENS, 

President  Illinois  Highway  Improvement  Association. 


241 


PLATFORM 


Illinois,  foremost  among  the  states  in  her  natural  resources, 
finds  her  general  welfare  retarded  by  a  system  of  wretched  public 
highways,  constructed,  maintained  and  administered  under  a 
method  in  vogue  centuries  ago,  which  is  unadapted  to  the  prob¬ 
lems  presented  by  modern  traffic  and  out  of  harmony  with  the  ad¬ 
vancement  of  the  state  in  other  directions. 

Illinois  has  only  to  look  around  her  and  see  what  neighboring- 
states  have  accomplished  in  road  improvement  to  realize  that  her 
highways  are  far  behind  the  times. 

A  great  network  of  95,000  miles  of  country  wagon  roads  is  left 
to  the  haphazard  efforts  of  4,800  highway  commissioners,  work¬ 
ing  independently  of  each  other,  poorly  paid,  largely  inexperi¬ 
enced,  who  are  provided  with  inadequate  funds. 

TAXPAYERS’  MONEY  WASTED 

Careful  investigation  has  shown  that  of  the  $7,000,000  expended 
annually  on  our  highways,  approximately  37^  per  cent  is  wasted, 
and  in  some  townships  a  much  greater  percentage  is  spent  without 
permanent  benefit.  Our  highways  themselves  are  the  unanswer¬ 
able  argument  that  Illinois  must  abandon  a  road  system  that  is 
complex,  wasteful  and  inefficient. 

OF  INTEREST  TO  WHOLE  STATE 

Farmer,  workingman  and  business  man  suffer  from  the  condi¬ 
tions  due  to  bad  roads.  Highway  improvement  is  no  longer  a 
purely  local  matter,  but  one  in  which  our  citizens  are  interested  to 
such  an  extent  that  the  state  should  assist  in  solving  the  problems 
which  our  bad  roads  present  to  the  people. 


We  recommend  state  legislation  which  will  provide  for : 

1.  State  and  county  co-operation  in  the  construction  and  main¬ 
tenance  of  main  highways  and  bridges. 

2.  A  non-political  state  highway  commission  of  at  least  three 
competent  members,  who  shall  devote  their  entire  time  to  their 
duties. 

3.  Improvement  (in  such  counties  as  elect  to  come  under  the 
provisions  of  the  law)  of  main,  continuous,  inter-county  highways 
connecting  county  seats  and  other  important  cities,  principally  at 
the  expense  of  the  state  and  county ;  such  roads  to  be  selected  and 
improved  by  county  authorities,  subject  to  the  approval  of  the 
state  highway  commission,  and  after  improvement  to  be  turned 
over  to  the  state  for  perpetual  maintenance. 

4.  Improvement,  maintenance  and  control  of  remaining  roads 
(about  80  per  cent  of  the  whole)  under  supervision  of  county  and 
township  authorities. 

5.  Effective  measures  to  guarantee  maintenance  after  roads 
are  once  constructed. 

6.  Use  of  the  state  automobile  tax,  together  with  such  other 
funds  as  the  legislature  may  appropriate,  in  the  improvement  of 
highways. 

7.  Extension  of  the  employment  of  prisoners  in  state  institu¬ 
tions  in  the  preparation  of  material  for  road  building,  and  the  use 
of  state  prisoners — under  state  direction — on  an  honor  system,  in 
actual  road  work  when  practicable. 

8.  Payment  of  all  road  taxes  in  cash. 

9.  Compulsory  dragging  of  all  dirt  roads. 

10.  Safety  of  road  users,  such  as  “Rules  of  the  Road,”  and  the 
proper  construction  and  guarding  of  crossings  at  railroads  and 
intersection  of  streets  and  highways. 


4 


FEDERAL  AID 


We  favor  federal  aid  in  the  construction  and  maintenance  of 
post  roads  and  national  highways,  and  we  request  representatives 
of  Illinois  in  Congress  to  work  towards  this  end. 

GOOD  ROADS  DAY 

We  recommend  the  designation  by  the  governor,  or  by  the  leg¬ 
islature,  of  an  annual  Good  Roads  Day,  on  which  the  attention  of 
the  whole  people,  especially  teachers  and  pupils  in  the  public  and 
normal  schools  and  the  state  university,  will  be  directed  toward 
the  importance  of  improved  highways. 

SOME  GOOD  ROAD  BENEFITS 

Improved  roads  mean  better  schools  and  larger  attendance ; 
better  health  and  quicker  medical  attention ;  better  farms  and 
more  cultivated  land ;  better  crops  and  cheaper  transportation ; 
better  economic  conditions  and  more  producers ;  better  social  con¬ 
ditions  and  less  isolation ;  better  church  attendance  and  better  citi¬ 
zens  ;  better  postal  service  and  closer  friends ;  better  business  and 
more  consumers ;  better  industries  and  more  employment;  a  better 
state  and  a  better  nation. 


“The  association  zvhich  formulated  this  declaration  of  high¬ 
way  principles  is  without  question  one  of  the  most  disinter¬ 
ested  and  unselfish  bodies  of  men  that  have  ever  banded 
together  in  the  furtherance  of  a  public  enterprise  in  Illinois. 
Every  semblance  of  special  interest  has  been  rigidly  excluded 
from  active  participation  in  the  organization.  It  has  no  ax  to 
grind,  no  one  interest  to  further ,  and  is  under  obligations  to 
no  one.” — The  Orange- Judd  Farmer,  October  12,  1912. 


5 


INDORSEMENTS 


The  following  organizations  have  indorsed  the  foregoing  platform  and 
recommend  the  enactment  of  its  principles  into  law: 


Adams  County  Medical  Association 
Alexander  County  Medical  Society 
Alton  Automobile  Club 
Alton  Board  of  Trade 
Anna  Union  Club 

Belleville  Commercial  Club 
Bloomington  Commercial  Club 
Buena  Vista  Commercial  Club 

Cairo  Automobile  Club 
Cairo  Board  of  Trade 
Cairo  Commercial  Club 
Cairo  Retail  Merchants  Associa¬ 
tion 

Cairo  Women’s  Club 
Carlinville  Commercial  Club 
Carmi  Business  Men’s  Association 
Centralia  Commercial  Club 
Champaign  Chamber  of  Commerce 
Chicago  Association  of  Commerce 
(good  roads  committee) 

Chicago  Automobile  Trade  Associ¬ 
ation 

Chicago  Heights  Industrial  Club 
Chicago  Medical  Society 
Chicago  Motor  Club 
Chicago  Real  Estate  Board 
Cook  County  Real  Estate  Board 
Cook  County  Truck  Gardeners  and 
Farmers  Association 

Danville  Industrial  Club 
DeKalb  Commercial  Club 

East  St.  Louis  Commercial  Club 
Elgin  Commercial  Club 
Elgin  Mayor  and  City  Commis¬ 
sioners 

Elgin  Merchants  Association 


Elgin  Motor  Club 

Fox  River  Valley  Manufacturers 
Association  (Aurora) 

Galena  Commercial  Club 
Galesburg  Club 
Greenfield  Commercial  Club 

Harrisburg  Commercial  Club 
Hoopeston  Business  Men’s  Associ¬ 
ation 

Illinois  Bankers  Association  (good 
roads  committee) 

Illinois  Commercial  Federation 
Illinois  Corn  Growers  Association 
Illinois  Farmers  Institute 
Illinois  Grain  Dealers  Association 
Illinois  Live  Stock  Breeders  Asso¬ 
ciation 

Illinois  Manufacturers  Association 
Illinois  Mine  Workers  of  America 
(7th  Sub-Dist.  of  District  12) 
Illinois  Retail  Hardware  Associa¬ 
tion 

Illinois  Retail  Implement  and  Ve¬ 
hicle  Dealers  Association 
Illinois  Retail  Merchants  Associa¬ 
tion 

Illinois  Rural  Letter  Carriers  Asso¬ 
ciation 

Illinois  State  Automobile  Associa¬ 
tion 

Illinois  State  Horticultural  Society 
Illinois  State  Medical  Society 
Illinois  State  Teachers  Association 

Jacksonville  Business  Men’s  Asso¬ 
ciation 

Jerseyville  Commercial  Club 


6 


Kankakee  Commercial  Association 
Kendall  County  Automobile  Club 

La  Salle  Commercial  Association 
Lewistown  Commercial  Club 
Liberty  Commercial  and  Agricul¬ 
tural  Association 
Litchfield  Merchants  Protective 
Association 

Madison  County  Medical  Society 
Maywood  Commercial  Association 
McLean  County  Automobile  Club 
Moline  Club 

Moline  Retail  Merchants  Associa¬ 
tion 

Mt.  Sterling  Business  Men’s  Asso¬ 
ciation 

National  Cumberland  Roads  Asso¬ 
ciation  (Effingham) 

New  Athens  Commercial  Club 

Oak  Park  Business  Men’s  Associa¬ 
tion  H 

Ogle  County  Board  of  Supervisors 
Ottawa  Business  Men’s  Association 

Pana  Commercial  Club 

Pana  Woman’s  Club 

Paris  Chamber  of  Commerce 

Pekin  Commercial  Club 

Pekin  Woman’s  Club 

Peoria  Association  of  Commerce 

Peoria  Automobile  Club 


Peru  Business  Men’s  Association 
Pittsfield  Business  Men’s  Associa¬ 
tion 

Pontiac  Commercial  Club 
Portland  Commercial  Association 
(Oglesby) 

Princeton  Commercial  Club 

Quincy  Automobile  Club 

Quincy  Chamber  of  Commerce 
Quincy  City  Council 

Rock  Island  Club 

Smithton  Township  Good  Roads 
Co-operative  League  (Smithton) 
Springfield  Commercial  Associa¬ 
tion 

Springfield  Retail  Grocers  Associa¬ 
tion 

Thornton  Township  Good  Roads 
Association  (Harvey) 

Trenton  Business  Men’s  League 
Tri-City  Manufacturers  Associa¬ 
tion 

Vermilion  County  Automobile 
Club 

Wabash  County  Country  School 
Officers  Association 
Woodstock  Business  Men’s  Asso¬ 
ciation 

Zion  City  Business  Men’s  Associa¬ 
tion 


7 


OFFICERS 

of  the  Illinois  Highway  Improvement 

Association 


PRESIDENT 

WILLIAM  G.  EDENS 

125  W.  Monroe  St.,  Chicago;  Chairman  Good  Roads  Committee,  Chicago 
Association  of  Commerce;  Secretary  Agricultural  Committee, 

Illinois  Bankers  Association. 

VICE  PRESIDENTS 

S.  E.  BRADT,  DeKalb 

Chairman  Good  Roads  Committee  Illinois  Bankers  Association. 

C.  A.  KILER,  Champaign 

Chairman  Good  Roads  Committee  Illinois  Commercial  Federation. 

C.  G.  MILLER,  Cairo 

Cairo  Commercial  Club;  President  Cairo  Automobile  Club. 

F.  A.  GARNER,  Quincy 
Mayor  of  Quincy. 

GEORGE  WOODRUFF,  Joliet. 

JOHN  B.  LEE,  Harrisburg. 

TREASURER 

THOMAS  SUDDUTH,  Springfield 
Farmers  National  Bank;  Springfield  Commercial  Association. 

DIRECTORS 

W.  E.  HULL,  Peoria,  Chairman 
Commissioner  Peoria  Association  of  Commerce. 

EMERY  ANDREWS,  Mattoon. 

L.  H.  BISSELL,  Effingham 
President  National  Good  Roads  Association  of  Illinois. 

GEORGE  P.  BLOW,  La  Salle 
President  La  Salle  Commercial  Association. 

COLLIE  CLAVIN,  Mt.  Olive.  . 

PHILIP  FREILER,  Elgin 
Treasurer  Elgin  Commercial  Club. 


8 


EUGENE  FUNK,  Bloomington 

Bloomington  Commercial  Club;  National  Corn  Growers  Association. 

CHARLES  GEORGE,  Cordova 
Rock  Island  Farmers  Association. 

H.  G.  HERGET,  Pekin 

Vice  President  Illinois  Manufacturers  Association. 

E.  W.  HILKER,  Granite  City 
President  Granite  City  Commercial  Club. 

O.  W.  HOIT,  Geneseo. 

E.  D.  LANDWEHR,  Shermerville 
President  Illinois  Rural  Letter  Carriers  Association 

J.  B.  MAGUIRE,  East  St.  Louis 
East  St.  Louis  Commercial  Club. 

J.  W.  PARKINSON,  Mt.  Carmel. 

HENRY  PAULMAN,  Chicago 
Chicago  Motor  Club;  Chicago  Automobile  Trade  Association. 

EDWIN  R.  WRIGHT,  Chicago 
President  Illinois  State  Federation  of  Labor. 

ADVISORY  BOARD 

MRS.  F.  W.  BLOCKI,  Chicago 

Chairman  of  Conservation  Department,  Illinois  Federation  of  Women’s 

Clubs. 

W.  E.  BRADEN,  Sparta 
Director  Illinois  Farmers  Institute. 

C.  B.  COLE,  Chester 

President  Wabash,  Chester  &  Western  Railroad. 

H.  A.  DU  BOIS,  Cobden. 

MRS.  H.  M.  DUNLAP,  Savoy 

President  Household  Science  Department,  Illinois  Farmers  Institute. 

ROBERT  EATON,  Joliet 
President  Illinois  State  Grange. 

ARTHUR  FRENCH,  Jacksonville. 

AUGUST  GEWEKE,  Desplaines 
President  Cook  County  Truck  Gardeners  and  Farmers  Association. 

A.  P.  GROUT,  Winchester 
Former  President  Illinois  Farmers  Institute. 

JOHN  H.  HARDIN,  Winnetka 
Vice  President  Sheridan  Road  Improvement  Association. 


9 


JOHN  M.  HERBERT,  Murphysboro. 

D.  M.  MARLIN,  Norris  City 
Director  Illinois  Farmers  Institute. 

C.  E.  MORGAN,  Litchfield. 

GEORGE  PASFIELD,  JR.,  Springfield 
Springfield  Commercial  Association. 

WARREN  PENWELL,  Pana 
President  Pana  Commercial  Club. 

THOMAS  REES,  Springfield 
President  Illinois  Daily  Newspaper  Association. 

HARVEY  G.  RIGGS,  Quincy. 

JOHN  D.  SHOOP,  Chicago 
Former  President  Illinois  Teachers  Federation. 

W.  D.  SNOW,  Bloomington 

Bloomington  Commercial  Club;  President  Illinois  State  Automobile 

Association. 

FRED  E.  STERLING,  Rockford. 

C.  W.  TERRY,  Edwardsville. 

W.  H.  VAN  VALKENBERG,  Danville. 

HON.  W.  A.  WALL,  Mound  City. 

DR.  CHARLES  J.  WHALEN,  Chicago 
President  Illinois  Medical  Association. 

A.  J.  WILLIFORD,  Nokomis. 

SECRETARY 

RICHARD  J.  FINNEGAN,  Chicago 
Office — Lexington  Hotel 
Telephone,  Calumet  4296. 


10 


ILLINOIS  ROAD  SYSTEM 

OBSOLETE 


By  GOV.  EDWARD  F.  DUNNE 

In  His  Inaugural  Message  to  the 
Forty-Eighth  General  Assembly 


Provision  should  be  made  for  the  employment  of  the  inmates 
of  our  penitentiaries  in  road  work.  Primarily,  convicts  should  be 
used  for  the  preparation  of  material,  either  at  the  penitentiaries, 
or  at  camps,  established  near  natural  deposits  of  stone,  gravel  or 
other  material.  In  the  actual  construction  of  highways,  when  it 
becomes  necessary,  short  term  prisoners  should  be  employed  on 
an  honor  system,  such  as  prevails  in  Colorado.  Humanitarian 
reasons  underlie  the  employment  of  convicts  in  the  open  air  work 
of  this  sort.  The  problem  of  what  is  going  to  become  of  the 
paroled  or  discharged  convict  is  largely  solved  if  he  is  released, 
healthy  in  body  and  in  mind,  and  not  debased  by  associations 
formed  in  the  debilitating  environments  of  cells  and  prison  work¬ 
shops. 

Psychological  and  physiological  considerations  enter  into  the 
employment  of  men,  on  an  honor  system  in  the  fresh  air  and  sun¬ 
shine,  wherein  and  whereby  they  are  restored  to  society  with  their 
manhood  quickened,  instead  of  deadened,  or  destroyed. 

A  matter  touching  vitally  the  agricultural,  commercial,  educa¬ 
tional,  social,  religious  and  economic  welfare  of  Illinois,  and  in¬ 
volving  the  conservation  of  natural  resources,  is  the  question  of 
good  roads.  In  the  improvement  of  public  highways,  Illinois  has 
been  backward. 

Reports  of  the  federal  department  of  agriculture  show  that 
about  10  per  cent  of  the  95,000  miles  of  Illinois  roads  are  improved 
in  a  permanent  manner,  as  against  38  per  cent  in  the  neighboring 
state  of  Indiana,  20  per  cent  in  Wisconsin,  20  per  cent  in  Ken¬ 
tucky,  28  per  cent  in  Ohio  and  50  per  cent  in  Massachusetts.  Con- 


11 


sidered  from  the  standpoint  of  improved  roads,  Illinois  is  the 
twenty-fourth  in  the  list  of  states. 

The  loss  to  farmers,  because  of  inaccessible  primary  markets, 
and  the  abnormal  expense  of  transportation  due  to  bad  roads, 
must  be  considered  as  a  contributing  cause  of  the  high  cost  of 
living.  In  some  Illinois  counties,  highways  are  impassable  to 
ordinary  loads  for  a  full  third  part  of  the  year.  Bad  roads  not 
only  hinder  crop  production  and  marketing,  but  they  keep  the 
rural  consumer  away  from  the  store  of  the  merchant  for  weeks  at 
a  time.  They  keep  pupils  from  the  schools,  and  voters  from 
political  gatherings,  and  from  participation  in  elections.  They 
impair  the  efficiency  of  churches,  and  social,  fraternal  and  other 
organizations,  which  depend  largely  on  public  gatherings  for  the 
efficacy  of  their  work. 

Bad  roads  contribute  to  the  unattractiveness,  the  isolation  and 
the  monotony  of  country  life  that  are  responsible  for  the  deser¬ 
tion  of  rural  pursuits,  especially  by  the  young.  Experts  in  men¬ 
tal  ailments  agree  that  women  in  remote  sections  are  the  chief 
sufferers  from  the  restriction  of  communication  and  social  inter¬ 
course,  which  bad  roads  impose. 

Highway  conditions  in  Illinois  are  due  to  the  fact  that  progress 
in  methods  of  transportation  and  travel  has  not  been  met  with 
corresponding  changes  in  our  system  of  road  building  and  main¬ 
tenance.  Illinois  clings  to  the  obsolete  practice  of  placing  the 
burden  of  highway  improvement  on  the  townships.  Other  states, 
in  their  laws,  have  appreciated  that  highway  travel  is  no  longer 
entirely  local  and  that  the  main  arteries  carry  a  great  amount  of 
intercounty  and  interstate  traffic.  Permanent  improvement  of 
the  main  arteries,  which  carry  the  great  bulk  of  traffic,  is  a  prob¬ 
lem  which  affects  the  general  welfare,  and  these  states  have  es¬ 
tablished,  successfully,  systems  of  state  aid  on  such  highways. 

I  recommend  for  your  consideration  legislation  which  will  pro¬ 
mote  the  efficiency  and  economy  of  the  administration  of  the  road 
system  of  the  state.  This  legislation,  I  believe,  should  incorpo¬ 
rate  provisions  for  state  cooperation  with  counties  and  townships 
in  the  construction  of  main  highways  and  bridges ;  and  the  proper 


12 


maintenance  of  all  roads  after  they  are  built;  for  the  compulsory 
dragging  of  all  dirt  roads,  and  for  the  use  of  the  state  automobile 
tax  as  a  nucleus  of  a  fund  for  such  state  aid. 


RECOMMENDATIONS  FOR 

A  LAW 


By  PAUL  D.  SARGENT 

Assistant  Director  United  States  Office 
of  Pnblic  Roads 


Summarized,  my  recommendations  to  Illinois,  are  as  follows : 

That  you  provide  the  three-headed  commission,  to  be  as  free 
from  politics  as  possible ; 

That  the  commission  be  empowered  to  select  its  chief  engineer 
and  other  engineering  and  clerical  assistants,  all  of  the  latter 
preferably  to  be  under  civil  service; 

That  your  expenditures  be  confined  to  some  definite  system  of 
roads,  to  be  initiated  by  the  local  authorities  and  subject  to  the 
approval  of  the  state  commission ; 

That  you  provide  for  such  division  of  the  cost  of  the  work  as 
will  induce  the  localities  to  apply  for  state  aid ; 

That  you  give  your  engineering  department  complete  super¬ 
vision  over  construction  work,  and  above  all,  that  you  provide  for 
thorough  and  constant  maintenance  of  roads  after  their  comple¬ 
tion.  This  can  best  be  done  by  having  the  maintenance  work 
under  state  control. 

These  leading  features  may  be  surrounded  with  such  others  as 
may  be  necessary  to  meet  local  conditions,  but  be  sure  that  none 
of  the  points  I  have  outlined  are  overlooked.  The  most  satis¬ 
factory  returns  for  your  expenditures  can  only  be  realized  by 
carrying  out  your  work  under  a  law  which  contains  these  several 
provisions. 


13 


BAD  ROADS  MEAN 
DRUDGERY  TO  FARMER 


By  AUGUST  GEWEKE 

President  of  the  Cook  Gonnty  Farmers  and 
Truck  Gardeners  Association 


When  we  talk  about  roads  we  cannot  help  thinking  of  the  cost 
of  living.  Notwithstanding  the  advanced  prices  of  labor  and  of 
tools  and  of  everything  that  we  use  to  carry  on  our  business,  due 
to  the  improvement  in  the  varieties  of  vegetables,  the  specializa¬ 
tion  in  crops  and  the  improved  methods  of  cultivation,  we  are 
able  today  to  grow  vegetables  cheaper  than  we  were  thirty  years 
ago.  And  there  is  no  work  that  is  more  healthy  and  more  enjoy¬ 
able.  But  this  joy  changes  to  misfortune  and  discouragement 
when  those  crops  are  ready  for  market  and  the  farmer  starts 
out  in  the  evening  to  travel  fourteen  or  eighteen  miles  through 
mud  and  slush  to  get  to  the  city,  and  arrives  there  tired  and  ex¬ 
hausted  to  offer  his  produce  on  an  overcrowded  and  grossly  mis¬ 
managed  market.  Then  he  must  go  back  home,  traveling  the 
same  distance  through  mud  and  slush,  and  arrives  the  next  after¬ 
noon  or  night,  having  been  twenty  to  twenty-four  hours  without 
rest  or  sleep.  It  is  a  drudgery  that  is  too  great  for  man  or  beast ; 
something  that  will  discourage  industry  and  make  farm  life  mis¬ 
erable. 

The  produce  of  the  farms  could  be  hauled  to  the  city  for  less 
than  half  the  present  cost  if  the  roads  in  Cook  county  were  what 
they  should  be.  Now  somebody  must  pay  for  all  this.  The 
farmer  has  the  drudgery  and  the  consumer  will  foot  the  biggest 
part  of  the  bill.  That  toil  and  that  discouragement  of  this  indus¬ 
try  and  the  loss  which  is  brought  about  by  poor  roads  means  a 
higher  price  for  the  produce,  and  that  higher  price  must  be  paid 
by  the  consumer. 

Another  disadvantage  that  we  have  is  in  our  schools.  The 
biggest  crop  that  we  have  on  the  farm  in  Cook  county  is  our  boys 


14 


and  girls.  It  is  impossible  to  have  the  centralized  school  under 
the  present  conditions  of  our  roads. 

Thirty  years  ago  the  county  paid  40  per  cent  for  building  and 
improving  roads.  It  has  gone  backwards  ever  since.  The  traffic 
of  the  roads  has  increased  ten  to  twenty  times  in  quantity,  but  for 
the  last  five  years  the  county  paid  less  than  10  per  cent  for  the 
money  expended  on  roads  in  Cook  county.  It  is  7,000  farmers 
building  roads  for  about  200,000'  road  users.  We  have  not  kept 
pace  with  the  times  in  building  roads.  The  county  commission¬ 
ers  for  the  last  twenty  years  probably  thought  they  were  saving 
money  when  they  cut  the  road  aid  from  40  per  cent  down  to  10 
per  cent,  but  for  every  dollar  that  was  saved  from  the  road  aid, 
three  dollars  to  five  dollars  were  lost  by  the  consumer. 

There  isn’t  a  county  in  Illinois  that  has  done  as  little  for  the 
farming  community  as  Cook  county  has  done.  In  two-thirds  of 
the  counties  in  Illinois  there  are  appropriations  made  by  farmers’ 
institutes,  and  in  about  one-third  of  the  towns  money  is  raised  by 
the  town  boards  for  such  purposes.  Cook  county  has  never  raised 
one  dollar.  As  it  is  today,  most  of  the  money  that  is  spent  goes 
into  the  main  roads,  and  every  four  years  these  roads  have  to  be 
re-surfaced  and  in  that  way  there  is  little  if  anything  left  for  the 
improvement  of  the  other  roads. 

Farmers  of  Illinois  look  to  the  legislature  to  correct  the  road 
evils  of  the  state.  Let  the  state  aid  the  counties  in  the  building 
and  maintaining  of  the  main  roads.  They  are  the  roads  that  lead 
into  the  market  cities ;  they  connect  the  most  of  the  farmers 
with  the  railroad  and  selling  points.  Let  the  state  see  that  there 
is  a  business  system  in  the  way  we  spend  our  millions  for  roads, 
millions  that  are  largely  wasted  because  inefficiently  spent.  Let 
us  make  use  of  our  convicts.  The  main  roads  are  owned  and  used 
by  all  the  people  of  the  state  and  all  the  people  should  be  respon¬ 
sible  for  their  building  and  upkeep.  Let  us  not  be  deceived  by 
calamity  howlers  who  oppose  good  roads  by  trying  to  stir  up  the 
farmers  against  them.  Good  roads  mean  economy  to  the  farmer 
and  they  mean  also  better  living  for  him. 


15 


MILLIONS  SPENT;  ROADS 

THE  SAME 


By  A.  P.  GROUT 

President  of  the  Illinois  Farmers 
Institute,  1911-13 


There  is  no  question  about  the  necessity  of  good  roads.  I 
think  the  workers  in  the  Illinois  Farmers  Institute  have  cause 
for  realizing  this  and  do  realize  it  fully,  but  the  trouble  is  that  it 
requires  money  to  make  good  roads  and  when  we  go  to  the  legis¬ 
lature  or  to  the  farmer  with  any  proposition  that  requires  the  out¬ 
lay  of  money,  he  hesitates,  and  sometimes  a  long  time. 

I  find  that  the  farmers  of  Illinois  are  mistaken  about  the  ex¬ 
penditure  of  money.  My  impression  is  that  they  are  expending  a 
great  deal  more  money  today  than  they  would  expend  if  different 
methods  were  employed ;  if  we  had  different  laws  upon  the  sub¬ 
ject.  In  Scott  county  my  experience  in  the  last  thirty  years  has 
been  this :  That  in  going  out  into  the  country  over  the  same 
roads  year  after  year  I  find  that  the  same  places  in  these  roads  re¬ 
quire  repairs  year  after  year,  and  for  the  same  cause,  and  they  are 
no  better  today  than  they  were  thirty  years  ago,  maybe  longer; 
that  is  as  long  as  I  have  known  about  them.  Money  has  been 
spent  upon  these  same  places  in  these  roads  every  year  and,  as  I 
stated,  for  the  same  purpose  with  the  expenditure  of  a  little  more 
money  than  that  which  has  been  expended  each  year  for  thirty 
years. 

It  seems  to  me  that  this  is  not  business  and  our  farmers  ought 
to  realize  this  fact  that  it  is  not  business  to  spend  money  year  after 
year,  when  the  same  amount  of  money  expended  for  permanent 
improvement  one  year’s  expense  would  do  perhaps  for  all  time 
or  for  a  long  time.  We  should  impress  upon  the  farmers  the 
necessity  of  doing  things  permanently.  We  have  gotten  far 
enough  along  so  that  we  do  not  erect  buildings  on  a  temporary 
foundation,  and  why  should  we  build  temporary  roads  when  we 


16 


know  we  must  have  them  to  pay  for  when,  if  the  right  methods 
were  adopted,  we  could  build  for  all  time,  possibly. 

In  the  course  of  a  few  years  if  the  same  amount  is  expended 
properly  and  rightly,  our  expenditure  for  roads  would  be  largely 
reduced.  It  is  simply  a  business  proposition,  and  it  seems  to  me 
if  it  could  be  put  up  to  the  farmers  in  the  right  way  they  would 
be  interested.  We  of  the  Farmers  Institute  realize  these  things 
and  we  have  put  upon  all  the  county  institutes  speakers  on  good 
roads,  and  I  am  sure  they  have  accomplished  some  good. 


GOOD  ROADS  AND 
MAIL  SERVICE 


By  E.  D.  LANDWEHR 

President  of  the  Illinois  Rural  Letter 
Carriers  Association 


If  you  have  been  over  the  country  roads  at  any  time  recently 
you  are  in  a  position  to  realize  why  we  are  intensely  interested  in 
good  roads  both  as  a  relief  from  personal  hardships  and  for  a  more 
efficient  mail  service. 

The  particular  subject  of  better  transportation  of  mails  to  coun¬ 
try  districts  is  what  we,  as  rural  mail  carriers,  are  bound  to  con¬ 
sider  above  personal  hardship,  in  relation  to  the  road  problem. 
Our  duty  first  of  all  is  to  serve  the  public  efficiently,  and  in  that 
we  are  classed  as  a  faithful  body  of  servants  although  handicapped 
with  the  wretched  conditions  of  the  roads.  While  rural  free  de¬ 
livery  has  come  to  be  recognized  as  indispensable  to  the  country 
even  under  present  conditions,  good  roads  will  increase  the  ad¬ 
vantages  of  this  service  in  many  ways  and  tend  towards  making 
this  branch  of  the  postoffice  department  self-sustaining  quickly. 

Despite  the  high  value  that  is  put  on  this  service  it  cannot  be 
said  that  rural  delivery  at  present  is  a  complete  service  for  all  the 
country  population.  You  have  perhaps  noticed  as  you  come  to 


17 


crossroads  corners  a  great  number  of  boxes  are  erected  by  the 
patrons  residing  at  variable  distances  on  the  crossroads  and  off  the 
route,  who  are  compelled  to  receive  and  dispatch  their  mail  from 
these  corners.  These  can  be  said  to  receive  only  a  partial  service 
and  this  arrangement  puts  a  premium  on  locations  directly  on  a 
mail  route  and  has  caused  much  complaint.  With  good  roads 
we  eventually  expect  that  all  patrons  will  be  served  alike.  With 
good  roads  carriers  could  easily  make  the  added  mileage  neces¬ 
sary  to  deliver  all  patrons’  mail  at  their  doors  and  eliminate  the 
corner  box.  There  is  further  the  feature  of  regularity  and  prompt¬ 
ness  dependent  altogether  on  the  roads.  The  variation  in  time  of 
arrival  of  the  carrier  caused  by  bad  roads  is  sometimes  hours, 
especially  for  those  living  far  out.  With  good  roads  the  rural 
patron  could  depend  on  arrival  and  departure  of  his  mail  as  reg¬ 
ularly  as  the  business  man  in  Chicago  receives  his  mail.  Ordi¬ 
narily  the  farmer  appreciates  quick  service  as  well  as  the  city 
people. 

During  the  summer  months  a  great  many  carriers  use  auto¬ 
mobiles  and  motorcycles,  which  gives  the  rural  patron  ideal  serv¬ 
ice,  but  at  present  it  is  dependent  entirely  on  road  conditions  and 
for  a  portion  of  the  year  only.  This  form  of  service  brings  a  com¬ 
munication  from  the  farmer  to  nearby  cities  the  same  day  he  mails 
it,  and  he  gets  the  reply  the  next  morning,  where  otherwise  it 
takes  a  day  longer. 

As  further  evidence  of  the  popular  demand  for  better  mail  serv¬ 
ice,  we  have  the  recently  inaugurated  parcel  post,  and  which  as  yet 
is  generally  recognized  as  only  a  beginning  of  a  general  express 
service,  and  is  to  be  a  solution  of  the  high  cost  of  living  problem. 

Under  present  road  conditions  in  Illinois,  many  carriers  are 
compelled  to  serve  their  routes  on  horseback  for  weeks  or  months 
at  a  time,  and  it  hardly  seems  possible  that  an  extensive  parcel 
post  system  can  be  established  with  that  form  of  locomotion,  and 
again  the  road  problem  becomes  the  obstacle. 

We  hope  the  day  is  not  far  distant  when  road  management  in 
Illinois  will  be  put  on  a  business  basis,  under  competent  author¬ 
ity,  so  that  good  roads  will  keep  pace  with  the  growing  demand 
for  increased  postal  facilities. 


18 


CONVICTS  SHOULD  WORK 

ON  ROADS 


By  EDWIN  R.  WRIGHT 

President  of  the  Illinois  State 
Federation  of  Labor 


Organized  labor  has  repeatedly  demanded  the  complete  aboli¬ 
tion  of  shop  work  in  the  penal  institutions  of  the  state  and  nation, 
and  the  substitution  of  open-air  employment  for  the  erring  wards 
of  society.  We  have  gone  on  record  time  and  again  as  favoring 
the  preparation  of  stone  ballast  and  other  material  for  use  in 
country  districts,  and  for  the  actual  building  of  the  roads  if  it 
could  be  done  without  degrading  the  unfortunate  convict  as  to 
deprive  him  of  what  shreds  of  manhood  and  self-respect  as  remain 
in  him  following  his  incarceration  in  the  county  jail,  his  trial  and 
sentence,  and  the  months  which  society  may  exact  of  him  within 
prison  walls  before  he  may  be  trusted  again  in  the  open  air. 

We  all  rejoice  in  the  progress  science  has  made  in  the  care  and 
treatment  of  the  insane.  The  day  of  the  torture  chamber  has 
gone  from  our  mad  houses,  the  shackles  and  bars  are  things  of  the 
past.  Pleasant  surroundings  and  healthful  conditions  have  re¬ 
stored  the  mental  balance  of  hundreds  of  these  patients. 

Why  not  take  a  single  step  forward  in  an  effort  to  return  the 
morally  sick  man  to  society  as  a  useful  citizen?  True,  he  must 
be  punished ;  he  must  realize  that  he  has  offended  against  the  wel¬ 
fare  of  the  people.  He  must  work,  but  let  him  work  in  the  open 
air.  It  is  not  necessary  to  poison  him  as  well  as  punish  him. 
Few  convicts  ever  return  to  society  physically  or  mentally  cured. 

While  society  justly  punishes  the  criminal  is  it  fair  to  punish 
the  man  and  the  woman  who  have  led  upright  lives  by  forcing 
upon  them  the  competition  of  the  prison  worker?  In  certain  lines 
of  industry  the  prison  contractor  has  either  wiped  out  the  free 


19 


shop  entirely  or  has  retained  it  merely  as  an  annex  the  better  to 
confuse  the  purchasing  public. 

We  have  partially  solved  the  prison  problem  in  Illinois,  but 
only  partially.  Organized  labor  favors  the  honor  system  in  em¬ 
ploying  convicts  in  road  making,  and  will  do  all  in  its  power  to 
further  such  a  reform.  The  slogan  of  the  business  man  to  ‘‘Pull 
Illinois  Out  of  the  Mud !”  by  the  extension  of  the  employment  of 
prisoners  in  state  institutions  in  the  preparation  of  material  for 
road  building,  and  the  use  of  state  prisoners — under  state  direc¬ 
tion,  on  an  honor  system — in  actual  road  work  when  practicable, 
has  a  cheering  sound. 

“Good  roads  spell  prosperity.”  Yes,  and  the  closing  of  the 
prison  shops  spell  happier  homes  in  the  work-a-day  wards  of  our 
industrial  centers.  It  may  be  suggested  that  the  free  workers 
will  suffer.  Nonsense.  We  have  94,141  miles  of  roads  in  the 
state,  and  only  8,914  miles  have  been  improved.  Twenty  years 
of  convict  road  building  need  not  displace  one  free  worker.  In¬ 
diana  has  about  37  per  cent  of  improved  roads,  Ohio  27  per  cent, 
Wisconsin  16  per  cent,  while  Massachusetts  has  49  per  cent. 

Give  the  convict  a  chance,  make  him  work  hard,  but  keep  his 
body  and  mind  as  clean  as  possible.  Give  the  free  worker  a 
chance  to  live  under  honest  competition.  Pull  us  all  “out  of  the 
mud.” 


CITIES  SHOULD  BEAR 
ROAD  EXPENSE 


By  S.  E.  BRADT 

Chairman  of  Good  Roads  Committee  of 
the  Illinois  Rankers  Association 


Without  question,  in  accordance  with  the  principles  of  good 
taxation,  the  money  for  good  roads  should  come  from  the  source 
that  derives  the  benefit,  and,  as  nearly  as  possible,  in  proportion 
to  the  benefit  received. 


20 


The  majority  of  our  townships  are  of  the  same  size  and  have  an 
average  of  about  sixty  miles  of  country  roads.  Under  our  pres¬ 
ent  law  each  township,  regardless  of  its  population  or  taxable 
property,  is  responsible  for  the  improvement  and  maintenance  of 
its  roads.  Every  county  has  at  least  one  comparatively  large  city 
with  a  large  assessed  valuation.  This  city  is  surrounded  by  rural 
townships  with  a  very  much  smaller  assessed  valuation.  The 
residents  of  the  city  use  the  roads  of  the  surrounding  townships 
more  than  do  the  farmers  living  in  these  townships.  The  fact,  is, 
that  the  cities  are  being  maintained  and  built  up  largely  by  the 
trade  of  the  surrounding  townships,  and  yet  the  city  taxpayers 
pay  no  part  of  the  construction  and  maintenance  of  the  country 
roads.  Approximately  50’  per  cent  of  the  townships  of  Illinois 
have  an  assessed  valuation  of  $600,000  or  less  and  raise  $2,500 
per  year  or  less  for  roads  and  bridges.  It  is,  therefore,  apparent 
that  these  rural  townships  are  not  financially  able  to  assume  un¬ 
assisted  the  burden  of  road  improvement,  and,  furthermore,  it  is 
manifestly  unfair  that  they  should  be  expected  to  do  so. 

The  city  of  Chicago,  paying  one-third  of  our  state  taxes,  bears 
no  part  of  the  tax  burden  of  the  country  roads.  The  state  of  Illi¬ 
nois  is  Chicago's  largest  users  of  the  country  roads  and,  if  by  rea¬ 
son  of  better  roads,  the  farmer  is  able  to  make  a  saving  in  deliv¬ 
ering  his  farm  produce  to  the  shipping  point,  Chicago  residents 
will  surely  get  their  share  of  the  benefit.  Chicago  can  properly 
assist  the  country  town  in  this  road  improvement  only  through 
a  state  tax. 

The  marketing  of  farm  products,  which  formerly  was  the  chief 
use  of  the  roads,  and  although  now  of  increasing  magnitude,  has 
come  to  be  the  smaller  part  of  highway  traffic.  The  distances 
traveled  are  not  only  from  the  farm  to  town,  but  are  from  town  to 
town,  from  state  to  state  and  from  coast  to  coast. 

It  would  appear  that  the  responsibility  for  improving  and  main¬ 
taining  our  main  roads  (from  15  to  20  per  cent  of  the  whole) 
should  rest  with  the  federal  government,  the  state  and  the  county. 
Without  doubt,  the  federal  government  will  soon  inagurate  a 
policy  of  either  assisting  in  the  construction  of  postroads  or  under¬ 
taking  on  its  own  responsibility  the  construction  of  national  high¬ 
ways.  But  for  the  present  it  rests  with  the  state  to  construct  and 


21 


maintain  the  system  of  state  highways  at  the  expense  of  the  state 
and  the  county.  This  will  leave  the  construction  and  maintain¬ 
ing  of  the  connecting  roads  to  the  county  and  the  township. 


STATE  NEEDS  GOOD 

ROADS 

By  President  WOODROW  WILSON 


A  nation  is  bound  together  by  its  means  of  communication ;  and 
its  means  of  communication  create  its  thought. 

We  must  more  and  more  engage  the  government  in  providing 
the  general  facilities  of  the  common  life.  There  is  no  breach  in 
that  of  any  of  our  older  understandings  of  the  functions  of  gov¬ 
ernment.  We  have  never  doubted  that  the  government  had  the 
right  to  supply  these  facilities  which  private  endeavor  has  never 
been  expected  to  supply.  Therefore  we  are  not  upon  a  new 
ground  of  theory ;  we  are  merely  upon  a  new  ground  of  tactics. 

The  question  of  highways  is  one  of  the  few  great  instrumen¬ 
talities  of  our  public  and  our  communal  life  with  which  the  gov¬ 
ernment  is  of  necessity  connected.  I  see  that  we  must  do  what 
we  have  been  backward  in  doing  as  compared  with  other  nations. 

I  tell  you  frankly  my  interest  in  good  roads  is  not  merely  an 
interest  in  the  pleasure  of  riding  in  automobiles.  It  is  not  merely 
an  interest  in  the  much  more  important  matter  of  affording  farm¬ 
ers  of  this  country  and  residents  in  villages  means  of  ready  access 
to  such  neighboring  markets  as  they  need  for  economic  benefit, 
but  it  is  also  the  interest  in  weaving  as  complicated  and  elaborate 
a  net  of  neighborhood  and  state  and  national  opinion  together  as 
it  is  possible  to  weave.  It  is  of  the  most  fundamental  importance 
that  the  United  States  should  think  in  big  pieces,  should  think 
together,  should  think  ultimately  as  a  whole,  and  I  feel  in  my  en¬ 
thusiasm  for  good  roads  something  of  the  old  opposition  that 
there  always  has  been  in  me  to  any  kind  of  sectional  feeling. 


22 


I  believe  that  it  is  the  proper  function  of  the  government  to  see 
to  it  that  the  extension  of  all  the  varied  modern  knowledge,  about 
characteristics  of  different  soils,  ought  to  be  so  extended,  so  car¬ 
ried  everywhere  to  the  farmer  as  to  build  up  by  the  aid  of  the  gov¬ 
ernment  this  thing  that  feeds  us,  and  ought  to  continue  to  feed 
the  world,  and  whenever  you  speak  of  that,  whenever  you  increase 
what  the  United  States  is  doing,  you  must  immediately  increase 
the  facilities  of  the  United  States  for  handling  what  it  has  made 
after  it  has  made  it.  You  cannot  rationally  increase  the  pros¬ 
perity  of  this  country,  without  increasing  the  road  facilities  of  this 
country. 


23 


REGULATIONS 

of  the  Illinois  Highway  Improvement  Associa¬ 
tion,  adopted  at  Peoria  Convention, 

Sept.  27,  1912 


ARTICLE  I 
Name 

Section  1.  The  name  of  this  organization  shall  be  The  Illinois 
Highway  Improvement  Association. 

ARTICLE  II 
Object 

Section  1.  The  object  is  to  harmonize  and  correlate  all  efforts 
for  the  improvement  of  the  public  wagon  roads  of  Illinois,  to  the 
end  that  an  adequate  and  efficient  system  of  road  construction,  ad¬ 
ministration  and  maintenance  will  be  adopted. 

ARTICLE  III 

Headquarters 

Section  1.  The  official  headquarters  of  this  association  shall  be 
located  and  maintained  in  the  City  of  Chicago,  Illinois. 

ARTICLE  IV 
Membership 

Section  1.  Membership  in  this  association  shall  consist  of  four 
classes :  Active,  Sustaining,  Contributing  and  Associate  mem¬ 
bership.  Annual  dues  shall  be  paid  by  each  class  as  provided  in 
this  article. 

Sec.  2.  Active  Members.  The  active  membership  of  this  asso¬ 
ciation  shall  be  composed  of  all  persons  who  are  members  of  rec¬ 
ord,  September  27,  1912,  and  those  who  shall  make  written  appli¬ 
cation  to  the  secretary  and  pay  annual  dues  for  one  year  in 
advance.  The  dues  of  this  class  shall  be  $2.00  per  year.  Mem¬ 
bership  in  this  class  shall  begin  with  written  acceptance  by  the 
secretary. 

Sec.  3.  Contributing  Members.  The  contributing  member¬ 
ship  shall  consist  of  all  persons,  corporations  or  organizations 
who  deem  it  their  duty  to  promote  the  common  welfare  by  volun- 


tary  contributions  to  the  work  of  the  association.  The  contribu¬ 
tion  of  this  class  may  be  any  amount  in  excess  of  $5.00. 

Sec.  4.  Sustaining  Members.  The  sustaining  membership 
shall  consist  of  all  persons  or  organizations  who  make  written 
application  to  the  secretary  and  pay  dues  for  sustaining  member¬ 
ship  one  year  in  advance.  The  annual  dues  of  this  class  shall  be 
$100  or  more. 

Sec.  5.  Associate  Members.  The  associate  membership  shall 
be  composed  of  ministers  of  the  gospel,  teachers  in  public  schools, 
instructors  in  colleges  and  universities,  who  shall  make  written 
application  to  the  secretary  and  pay  annual  dues  for  one  year  in 
advance.  The  annual  dues  of  this  class  to  be  $1.00. 

Sec.  6.  All  dues  shall  be  paid  annually  in  advance.  Members 
three  months  in  arrears  shall  not  be  allowed  to  resign  without 
payment  of  dues  for  the  current  year.  Members  in  arrears  may 
be  dropped  from  the  membership  list  by  order  of  the  Board  of 
Directors. 

Sec.  7.  Members  shall  not  be  liable  for  any  dues  or  assess¬ 
ments  other  than  the  payment  of  annual  dues  as  herein  provided. 
The  officers  of  this  association  shall  not  have  power  to  contract 
any  debts  or  liabilities  of  any  kind,  which  in  the  aggregate  are  in 
excess  of  funds  available  for  the  use  of  the  association,  for  which 
the  association  or  its  membership  individually  or  collectively  can 
be  held  responsible. 

ARTICLE  V 
Voting  Privileges 

Section  1.  Active,  Contributing  and  Sustaining  members 
of  the  association  shall  be  entitled  to  participate  in  its  pro¬ 
ceedings  and  vote  upon  all  questions  that  may  come  before 
the  association.  Associate  members  shall  be  entitled  to  partici¬ 
pate  in  discussing  all  questions  before  the  association,  but  shall 
not  be  entitled  to  vote  thereon.  Voting  by  proxy  shall  not  be 
allowed. 

ARTICLE  VI 
Annual  and  Special  Meeting. 

Section  1.  The  annual  meeting  of  this  association  shall  be  held 
during  the  month  of  March  in  each  year,  at  such  time  and  place  as 
may  be  determined  by  its  Board  of  Directors. 


25 


Sec.  2.  Special  meetings  of  this  association  may  be  held  at  any 
time  and  place  when  called  by  its  Board  of  Directors,  of  which  at 
least  ten  days’  notice  shall  be  given  to  all  members  of  the  time  and 
place  wherein  a  special  meeting  shall  be  held. 

Sec.  3.  Every  notice  calling  a  special  meeting  shall  state  the 
question  proposed  to  be  considered  at  such  meeting.  No  ques¬ 
tion  of  which  due  notice  has  not  been  given  shall  be  considered  at 
any  special  meeting  unless  approved  by  a  unanimous  vote  of  all 
the  members  of  the  Board  of  Directors  present  at  the  meeting. 

Sec.  4.  A  majority  of  all  members  registered  as  being  in  attend¬ 
ance  at  any  annual  or  special  meeting  of  this  association  shall 
constitute  a  quorum  for  the  transaction  of  business. 

ARTICLE  VII 
Officers 

Section  1.  The  officers  of  this  association  shall  consist  of  a 
President,  six  Vice  Presidents,  a  Treasurer,  a  Secretary  and  a 
Board  of  Directors,  consisting  of  the  President,  the  six  Vice 
Presidents,  the  Treasurer,  the  Secretary  and  sixteen  additional 
members,  to  be  elected  at  the  regular  annual  meeting,  five  of 
whom  shall  constitute  a  quorum  for  the  transaction  of  business, 
and  an  Advisory  Board  of  not  fewer  than  twenty-one  members 
to  be  appointed  by  the  President. 

Sec.  2.  The  officers  of  the  association  and  the  members  of  the 
Board  of  Directors  and  Advisory  Board  shall  be  active,  con¬ 
tributing,  or  sustaining  members  of  the  association. 

ARTICLE  VIII 

Duties  of  Officers 

Section  1.  The  President  shall  be  the  executive  head  of  this 
association.  He  shall  preside  at  all  meetings  of  the  association. 

Sec.  2.  In  the  absence  of  the  President,  the  Vice  Presidents 
shall  act  in  his  place  and  stead. 

Sec.  3.  The  Secretary  shall  keep  the  records,  shall  receive  and 
receipt  for  all  moneys  paid  to  the  association,  a  correct  list  of  all 


26 


members  and  minutes  of  the  association,  and  send  all  notices  re¬ 
quired  by  the  officers.  He  shall  draw  all  orders  upon  the  Treas¬ 
urer  for  the  payment  of  money,  which  orders  shall  be  approved  by 
the  President.  He  shall  receive  and  record  all  applications  for 
membership,  dues  and  other  receipts  of  the  association.  He  shall 
serve  all  notices  and  perform  all  duties  necessary  to  the  proper 
conduct  of  the  business  affairs  of  the  association,  and  shall  per¬ 
form  such  additional  duties  as  may  be  assigned  to  him  by  the 
Board  of  Directors.  He  shall  make  written  report  annually  of  the 
work  of  the  association,  accounting  for  all  funds  received  and 
disbursed. 

Sec.  4.  The  Treasurer  shall  receive  and  receipt  for  all  moneys 
from  the  Secretary  belonging  to  the  association,  and  deposit  same 
in  a  bank  or  trust  company  approved  by  the  Board  of  Directors, 
and  disburse  same  upon  proper  voucher  signed  by  the  Secretary 
and  approved  by  the  President.  He  shall  keep  an  accurate  ac¬ 
count  of  the  finances  of  the  association  subject  at  all  times  to  the 
inspection  of  the  officers  of  the  association,  and  furnish  corporate 
surety  bond  at  the  expense  of  the  association. 

Sec.  5.  The  Board  of  Directors  shall  have  custody  of  all  prop¬ 
erty  of  the  association,  supervision  of  all  its  expenses,  appoint  all 
committees  and  all  officers,  not  otherwise  provided  for,  and  have 
general  supervision  and  control  over  all  work  carried  on  by  the 
association  and  its  officers,  and  shall  fill  all  vacancies  occurring  in 
offices  of  the  association  between  the  annual  meetings.  The 
Board  of  Directors  may  cause  a  call  to  be  made  upon  the  general 
public  for  voluntary  subscriptions  to  a  fund  in  aid  of  the  general 
work  of  the  association,  or  for  any  specific  purpose  it  may  at  any 
time  be  engaged  in  promoting. 

Sec.  6.  The  duties  of  the  Advisory  Board  shall  be  to  advise  and 
support  the  officers  and  Board  of  Directors  in  conducting  the 
work  of  the  association,  and  shall  meet  at  the  call  of  the  President 
of  the  association. 

ARTICLE  IX 
Amendments 

Section  1.  These  regulations  may  be  altered  or  amended  at  any 
regular  meeting  of  the  association  by  a  majority  vote  of  the  mem¬ 
bers  present. 


27 


ARTICLE  X 
Order  of  Business 

The  following  shall  be  the  order  of  business  for  regular 
meetings : 

1.  Roll  call. 

2.  Reading  of  Minutes. 

3.  Propositions  for  membership. 

4.  Reports  of  officers. 

5.  Reports  of  committees. 

6.  Unfinished  business. 

7.  New  business. 

8.  General  discussion. 

9.  Adjournment. 


■ 


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UNIVERSITY  OF  ILLINOI9-URBANA 


0112  047222259 


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